Special
Silane Syntheses
The following syntheses still play an important
role in addition to the Müller-Rochow direct
synthesis of silanes: Addition reaction (hydrosilylation); Nucleophilic
substitution; Grignard reaction. The purpose of all these syntheses
is to incorporate organic functional groups.
Addition
Reaction (hydrosilylation)
Silanes bearing Si-H groups can be made to add
across double or triple bonds with the aid of free-radicals or
catalysis involving noble-metal compounds.
When silanes containing vinyl groups, amino groups etc. have to
be made, this is most often done with platinum-catalyzed hydrosilylation
reactions. These are continuous reactions.
Nucleophilic
Substitution
Nucleophilic substitution is used for swapping
chlorine, alkoxy and hydrogen substituents. Phenylsilanes, for
example, are synthesized in this manner. Unlike other processes,
this reaction does not generate any biphenyl by-products.
Grignard
Reactions
Grignard reactions lead to the direct incorporation
of organic groups. This type of reaction is chiefly used in the
laboratory because it is readily controlled and is highly versatile.
It is also employed in the industrial-scale production of vinyl
silanes.
The following overview shows how various organo-functional
silanes are manufactured:
Silanes with certain organo-functional groups are used, for example,
in the production of silicone rubber (one-component or two-component crosslinking agents) and of silicone
surfactants. |